| YouTube - Geeks Lesson(Python) |
| Cairo Graphics Library |
| What is the output of print("3"+4) | TypeError |
| Consider the following function: def celebrate(event): print("Happy",event) celebrate("Christmas") in this code, event is an example of: | function name program parameter |
| What is the 2nd number printed by this program, assuming that the user enters 3 as the input? def evaluate(); x = eval(input("Enterr a number between 1 and 5:")) for i in range(3): x = 5 * x * (2 + x + x) print(x) evaluate() | 145200 |
| Consider the following statement: for val in range(10): Here, what does the variable val refers to? | inversion variable interactive variable iterative variable |
| Suppose a program executes the following statement.value = eval(input("Enter a numbet: ")) In response to the prompt the user types '1'+'2'+'x'+'y' What does value contains? | Xy TypeError12 12xy |
| Suppose a program executes the following statement. value = eval(input("Enter a number: ")) In response to the prompt, the user R what is the result? | 82 r String error |
| How soes the following statement assigns the value? varN,varS = 7, 9 | incorrect syntax varN=9 varS=7 varN=7 varS=9 |
| What wwill this statement do? for i in range(7): | Invalad Statement it multiplies i times 7 it looks for the value of i in the number 7 it causes the program to do something 7 times |
| Evaluate: int(float(10)) | 10.0 10.1 10 |
| Evaluate: round(10.09) | 9 11 10 |
| Evaluate: list(range(1,10,2.0)) | [3,5,7,9] [1,3,5,7,9] [1.0,3.0,5.0,7.0,9.0] Error |
| Consider the following program: def main(): number = eval(input("enter a number: ")) for n in range(4): number = number // 4 print(number) main() | 5 1 0 |
| Suppose that the variable x has the value 5 and y has the value 10. After execusing thiss statement: x,y = y,x What will the values of x and y be, respectively? | 5 & 10 10 & 10 5 & 5 10 & 5 |
| Evaluate: list(range(11)) | [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11] [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11] [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10] [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10] |
| What is the output of this program? def main(): j = 45 k = 54 for i in range(2): j,k = k,j print(j,',',k) main() | 54,45 45,45 54,54 45,54 |
| Which of the following statement would set the coordinates of win from (0,0) in the lower-left corner to (8,8) in the upper-right corner? | win.setcoords(Point(0,0), Point(8,8)) win.setcoords((0,0)(8,8)) win.setcoords(Point(8,8), Point(0,0)) win.setcoords(0,0,8,8) |
| What is the result of import math round(math.pi,2) | 3.1 6.28 3.14 |
| What is the output from the following program, assuming that the user enters the input value 5 def add(): limit = eval(input("Enter a number: ")) answer = 0 for value in range(1,limit): answer = answer + value print(answer) add() | 0 720 120 none of these |
| Evaluate: 13//3 | 4.5 1 4 |
| What is the output from the following code fragment number=1 for num in range(4): number = number * num print(number) | 256 1 64 0 |
| What is printed by the following Python fragement? str3 = "Rr" str5 = "Ss" print(str3 * 4 + str5) | Rr2Ss Rr Rr Rr Rr Ss RrRrRrRrSs |
| What is the result of this code? One = "Number One" print(One[-2]) | u e n |
| What is the result of evaluating this expression? "{0}.{1:02}".format(22,2) | 22.20 22.22 22.02 |
| Which of the following is the same as s[0:-1] | s[0:len(s)] s[:] s[-1] s[:len(s)-1] |
| The code myFile = openb("data.txt".'w") returns error if the file 'data.txt' is not found | false |
| What expression would create a line from (4,5) to (2,3) | Line((4,5),(2,3)), Line(4,5,2,3) Line(2,4,3,5) Line(Point(4,5),Point(2,3)) |
| Which of the following statements could be used to get the poistion of mouse click from a user? | p = input("Click the mouse") p = mouise.get(win) p = getMouse() p = win.getMouse() |
| Which of the following method is usd to draw pixel at the raw position (x,y) ignoring any coordinate transformations set up by setCoords? | win.draw(Pixel(x,y)) Pixel(x,y) Plot(x, y, color)) plotPixel(x, y, color) |
| Which statement correctly draws a circle of a radius 5 centered at (10,10) in the graphics window win? | draw(win).Circle(Point(10,10),5) Circle(win, Point(10,10),5) win.dra(Circle(Point(10,10),5)) Circle(Point(10,10),5) |
| Suppose you want to create a square graphics window & draw lines to divide it into 4 equal-sized quadrants. Fill in the missing line in this code: win=Graphwin("Four Square", size, size) # Missing line here Line(Point(0,1),Point(2,1)).draw(win) Line(Point(1,0),Point(1,2)).draw(win) | win.setcoords(Point(0,0),Point(2,2)) win.setCenter(1,1) win.setcoords(Point(2,0),Point(0,2)) win.setCoords(0,0,2,2) |
| Formal and actual parameters are matched up by: | name id position |
| What is the output from the follwoing code? def cube(n): for i in range (len(n)): n[i] = n[i] * n[i] * n[i] nn=[4,5,6] cube(nn) print(nn) | nn [4,5,6] [64,125,216] |
| What does this code results? for char in "clicked flicked kicked".split("k"): print(char,end="") | clic ed flic ed ic ed clicedflicediced cliced fliced iced |
| How to open a file called "MyAnalysis.spss" to read its conteents memory?" | data = MyAnalysis.read() infile = open("myAnalysis.dat","w") open = infile("MyAnalysis.dat","r") infile = open("MyAnalysis.spss","r") |
| Evaluate: "{0}.{1:03}".format(13.10) | 13.001 13.10 13.100 13.010 |
| The following are examples of ways to output data in the month/day/year format. | str(month)+"/"str(day)+"/"str(year)"{0}/{1}/{2}".format(str(month),str(day)str(year))"{0}/{1}/{2}".format(month.day.year) |
| The following program fragment is to find the sum of the Unicode values for the characters in a string. What is teh missing line in this program? def uAdd(): word = input("Enter a word: ") Uadd = 0 for i in word #missing line here print(Uadd) uAdd() Enter a word: Xmas 409 | Uadd = Uadd + 1 Uadd = Uadd + i(ord) Uadd = ord(i) Uadd = Uadd + ord(i) |
| Identify the missing line of this code fragment: def Acronym(): phrase = input("Enter a phrase:") acr = "" for ch in phrase.split(): print(acr) Acronym() Enter a phrase:Hyper text markup language HTML | print(ch[0].upper()) acr = ch[0] acr = ch[0].upper() acr = acr + ch[0].upper() |
| Find the output of: for o in "GOOD MORNING GOD".split("0"): print(o, end=" ") | G O O D MO RNING GO D GDMRNINGGGD O O O G D M RNING G D |
| What is the output from the following program, if the input is "Spam And Eggs" (Typed without the quotes)? def main(): msg=input("enter a phrase: ") for W in msg.split(): print(W[0],end="") main() | SSS SEA ASE |
| Pridict the output: m = 98 n = 74 m ! = m | True |
| Predict the output of boolean expression: "hello"<"Hello" | False |
| Predict the output: def m(): txt = 'yes' if txt == 'yes': print ("X") elif answer != "yes": print("Y") m() | Y, yes, X |
| Predict the output: for i in [12, 16, 17, 24, 29]: if i % 2 == 1: break print(i) print("done") | 12 16 done |
| |
| |
| |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
| |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 | |
 |
| Python Chapter 4 |
| Objects & Graphics |
| To understand the concept of object and how they can be used to simplify programming. |
| to be familiar with the various objects avaiable in the graphics library. |
| to be able to create ojbects in p[rograms and call appripiate methods to perform graphical computations. |
| Traditional view of computation. |
| -Data are the passive entities that were manipulated and combined via active operations. |
| More comple systems. |
| -Need richer view of relationship between data and operations. |
| Modern Computer Programs. |
| -Built using object oriented approach. |
| -Object Oriented approach emcompasses a number of principles for designing and implementing software and principles. |
| Graphical programming - lot of fun, great vehicle for learnign about objects. |
| Graphical User interface GUI |
| -Interactive graphics Programming. |
| -Most familiar applications today have GUIs tha tprogides interactive visual elements like windows, icons(Represeentatative piectures, buttons and menus. |
| GUI in Python. |
| Great language for developing real world GUI's |
| Used as embedded language in various desktop apps and software like Maya, Blender and several games. |
| Python comes with its own standard GUI module called Tkinter. |
| The Object of Objects. |
| Basic idea of OO development is to view a complex system as the interaction of simpler objects. |
| OO programming - figure out the vocabulary. |
| Objects know the stuff (they contain data) and can do stuff (they have operations) |
| Objects interact by sending messages to each other. |
| Messages - request for an object to perform an operation. |
| Python Graphics Library. |
| System archatech. layout and flowcharts/ logic planning |
| Developers. |
| project leaders. |
| product owner.(acts like client. Lieason) |
| Scrum Master |
| Use Agile Development. |
| Literal and strings |
| Literal numbers 9,32, etc |
| Strings "hello" |
| standard mathematical order of operations NOT sequential |
| how to change case |
| any="batman" |
| any.upper() |
| 'BATMAN' |
| BaTmAn.lower() |
| 'batman' |
| string count (includes spaces) |
| print(len("wow!! Batman!")) |
| 13 |
| -or- |
| abc="wow!! Batman!" |
| print(len(abc)) |
| 13 |
| output statements |
| print function |
| special marker character \n -or- end="\n" |
| print lie joining end="" |
| the Pythonhas automatic memory management mechanism called 'GARBAGE COLLECTOR' |
| in python the user does not hae to pre-allocate or de-allocate memory. |
| ans |
| x=input ("XXXXX") -vs- x=eval(input("XXXXX")) |
| first will record the string value |
| second will record mathematical value |
| simultaneous assignment statements |
| a,b=10,20 |
| print(a) |
| 10 |
| print(b) |
| 20 |
| Swapping the values |
| store a value in variable x and another value in vairable y |
| swap the x value to variable y and the y value to variable x |
| Python notes 2/4/2019 |
| input process output (IPO) |
| identifiers |
| s |
| spam |
| spam2 |
| spamandeggs |
| Spam_and_Eggs |
| uppercase and space sensitive |
| keywords "reserved words" this is the complete list of Python Keywords. |
| False class finally is return None continue for lambda try True def from nonlocal while and del global not with as elif if or yield assert else import pass break except in raise |
| Boolean operators have uppercase first letters "False True None" |
| Literal and Strings |
| Single or double quote are the same "" '' |
| Operators |
| Addition + |
| Subtraction - |
| Multiplication * |
| Division / |
| Exponentation ** |
| simultanious vairable entry |
| x,y=5,6 |
| x,y=eval(input("Enter ")) |
| Python - 2/4/2019 |
| Understanding the Program Development cycle |
| program development cycle |
| 1. understand the problem |
| Users or end users: people for whom a program is written |
| Documentation: Supporting paperwork for a program |
| 2. Plan the logic |
| Heart of the programming process |
| Most common planning tools: Flowcharts, pseudocode, ipo charts(input process output) |
| TOE charts(tasks objects & events) |
| Desk-checking:walking through a program's logic on paper before you actually write the program |
| 3. code the program |
| Easier then the planning step, hundredes of prgramming languages |
| choose based on features |
| similar in their basic capabilities |
| 4. use compiler interperter to trnslate the program into machine language |
| Translator prgram |
| compiler or interperter |
| changes the programmers english like high level proramming language into low machine language |
| Sytntax Error |
| misuse of a languages grammer rules |
| programmer correcrs listed syntax errors |
| might need to recompile the code several times |
| 5. test the program |
| logical error |
| results when a syntacically correct statement but the wrong one for the current context |
| test:execute the program with some sample data to see weather the results are logically correct |
| debugging is the process of finding and correcting program errors |
| programs should be testetd with many sets off data |
| 6. put the program into production |
| Process depends on programs purpose, may teke several months |
| conversion - the entire set of actions an orginazation myst take to switch over to a new program or set of programs |
| 7. maintain the program |
| maintence - making chages aftger the program is put into production |
| common first programming job - maintaining previously written programs |
| make changes to existing programs -repeat the development cycle |
| 8. Using pseudocode to statements and flowchart symbols |
| Pseudo code - english-like representation of the logical steps it takes to solve a program |
| Flowchart - pictorial representation of the logical steps it takes to solve a program |
| 9. Writing pseudocode |
| start |
| input mynumber |
| set my answer |
| output myanswer |
| stop |
| programmers preface flexible planing tools |
| Programming/c# chapter2 |
| Data types |
| Numeric- numbers |
| String – takes a form of text. Anything not used in math |
| Different forms |
| integers and floating point numbers |
| literal and string constants |
| unnamed constatns |
| Variables- named memory location with varying content |
| Declaration- statement that provides a data type and an identifier for a variable |
| Indentifier- the variables name |
| Data type |
| classification that describes |
| what values can be held by the item |
| how the item is stored in computer memory |
| what operations can be performed on the data item |
| Initializing the variable: declare a starting value for any variable |
| Garbage |
| any variable declared and not initialized any value, contains an unkown value until its assigned an initializing value |
| variable’s unkown value before initialized is known as garbage |
| certain programming languages assign 0 to a garbage variable. |
| Naming variables |
| Camel casing |
| variable names with a “hump” in the middle like hourlyWage |
| Pascal casing |
| first letter of variable name is uppercase Hourlywage |
| Hungarian notation |
| variable’s data type is a part of the identifier numhourlywage |
| Must be one word. |
| must start with a letter |
| should be a meaningful name. |
| Math/arithmetic uses the order of operations. |
| Modularization |
| the process of breaking down a large program into modules |
| Modularization allows multiple programmers to work on a program |
| and reuse work a lot easier. |
| Abstraction |
| paying attention to important properties while ignoring non essential details |
| selective ignorance |
| Newer high level programming languages use English-like vocabulary. |
| Reusability |
| most modular programs are reusable. |
| using different modules in different programs. Passwords/databases, card payments. Etc |
| Reliability- making sure a programs tested and works. |