| Chapter 1 - A first look at interpersonal Communication | |
| Physical Needs - US Senator John McCain was shot down over vietnam and held as a POW. While confined, he and other POWs risked extreme punishments by attempting to communicate, out of the physical need to communicate. | Rational people would stay silent to avoid punishment. |
| Identity Needs - The boy of Aveyron was found year 1800, 10 years old. living on the outskirts of a village, occasionally stealing potatos, unaffected by heat or cold. After being found was locked in an instatution. expected savaged behavior, declared an "idiot", unable to relate to other human beings, focused on nature, vision was not his most important sense, highly developed sense of smell, no distinction between plesant smells and bad smells, unable to recognize own reflection, unexpected loud noise no reaction, walnut cracking caused reaction, Youtube Video The Wild Child of Aveyron on a side note, another similar event was discovered c. 1970 a 14 year old girl, genie, was found locked in a bathroom her whole life, parents imprisioned. After turned 18 was placed in an institution where she was again subjected to extreme physical and emotional abuse. her progress was lost. No data beyond this point, presumed ward of the state age ~64. | No man is an island. Never learned to speak more then a few words, was able to write needs. Lived a long and reasonably normal life. WAS NEVER ABLE TO LEARN TO SPEAK NORAMLLY. |
| Social Needs - Reading suggests link between better overall life quality and effective social interaction | in 1985 people had 2.94 friends, in 2005 people had 2.08 friends |
| Practical Goals - getting others to behave the in the way we want them to behave | it is important to match the level of communication to the level of need |
| The Process of Communication - | |
| A Linear View - | |
| A Transactional View - | |
| Interpersonal & Impersonal Communication - | |
| Communication Principles - Communication Can be Intentional or Intentional It's Impossible Not to Communicate Communication is Unrepeatable Communication is Irreversible | |
| Communication Misconceptions - More Communication is Not Always Better Meanings Are Not in Words Successful Communication Doesnt Always Involve Shared Understanding Communication Will Not Solve All Problems | |
| Communication Competence Defined - There is No Ideal Way to Communicate Competence is Situational Competence Can be Learned* | |
| Characteristics of Competent Communication - A wide range of behaviors Ability to choose the Most Appropiate Behavior Skill at Performing Behaviors Cognitive Complexity Empathy Self-Monitoring Commitment | |
| Competence in Intercultural Communication - Motivation Tolerance for Ambiguity Open-Mindedness Knowledge and Skill | |
| Chapter 2 - Interpersonal Communication & Social Media | |
| Mediated vs. Face-to-Face Communication - Similarities between Mediated & Face-to-Face Communication Differences between Mediated & Face-to-Face Communication Variable Synchronicity Permanent (and sometimes public) Record Consequences of Mediated Communication Disinhibition Hyperpersonal Communication | |
| Benefits & Drawbacks of Mediated Communication - Benefits of Mediated Communication Sustaining & Enriching Relationships Social Support | |
| Drawbacks of Mediated Communication - Superficial Relationships Social Isolation Relational Deterioration Stalking & Harassment | |
| Influences on Mediated Communication - Gender Age | |
| Competence in Social Media - Fostering Positive Relationships Protecting Yourself Verify what you see online | |
| Chapter 3 - Communication & Identity: Creating & Presenting the Self | |
| Communication and the Self - Self-Concept | |
| Communication and the Self - Self-Esteem | |
| Biological and Social Roots of the Self - Self-Concept & Self-Esteem | |
| Biological and Social Roots of the Self - Socialization and the Self-Concept | |
| Characteristics of the Self-Concept - The Self-Concept Is Subjective | |
| Characteristics of the Self-Concept - The Self-Concept Resists Change | |
| Culture, Gender, and Identity - Culture | |
| The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy and Communication - Types of Self-Fulfilling Prophecies | |
| Presenting the self: communication as Impression Management - Public & Private Selves | |
| Characteristics of Impression Management - We Strive to Construct Multiple Identities | |
| Characteristics of Impression Management - Impression Management Is Collaborative | |
| Characteristics of Impression Management - Impression Management Can Be Deliberate or Unconscious | |
| Why Manage Impressions? - To Start and Manage Relationships | |
| Why Manage Impressions? - To Gain Compliance of Others | |
| Why Manage Impressions? - To Save Others' Face | |
| Why Manage Impressions? - To Explore New Selves | |
| Face-to-Face Impression Management - | |
| Online Impression Management - | |
| Impression Management and Honesty - | |
| Self-Disclosure in Relationships - Models of Self-Disclosure | |
| Benefits and Risks of-Self-Disclosure - Benefits of Self-Disclosure | |
| Guidelines for Self-Disclosure - Is the Other Person Important to You? | |
| Guidelines for Self-Disclosure - Are the Amount and Type of Disclosure Appropriate? | |
| Guidelines for Self-Disclosure - Is the Risk of Disclosing Reasonable | |
| Guidelines for Self-Disclosure - Is the Self-Disclosure Reciprocated? | |
| Guidelines for Self-Disclosure - Do You Have a Moral Obligation to Disclose? | |
| Alternatives to Self-Disclosure - Silence | |
| Alternatives to Self-Disclosure - Lying | |
| Alternatives to Self-Disclosure - Equivocating | |
| Alternatives to Self-Disclosure - Hinting | |
| The Ethics of Evasion - | |
| Summary - | |
| Chapter 4 - Perception : What You See is What You Get | |
| The Perception Process - Selection | |
| The Perception Process - Organization | |
| The Perception Process - Stereotyping | |
| The Perception Process - Punctuation | |
| The Perception Process - Interpretation | |
| The Perception Process - Negotiation | |
| Influences on Perception - Access to Information | |
| Physiological Influences - The senses | |
| Physiological Influences - Psychological Challenges | |
| Physiological Influences - Age | |
| Physiological Influences - Health & Fatigue | |
| Physiological Influences - Hunger | |
| Physiological Influences - Biological Cycle | |
| Cultural Differnces - | |
| Social Roles - Gender Roles | |
| Social Roles - Occupational Roles | |
| Social Roles - Relational Roles | |
| Common Tendences in Perception - We Judge Ourselves More Charitably Than We Judge Others | |
| Common Tendences in Perception - We Cling to First Impressions | |
| Common Tendences in Perception - We Assume That Others are Similar to Us | |
| Common Tendences in Perception - We Are Influenced by Our Expectations | |
| Common Tendences in Perception - We Are Influenced by the Obvious | |
| Perception Checking - Elements of Perception Checking | |
| Perception Checking - Perception-Checking Considerations | |
| Chapter 5 - Emotions: Feeling, Thinking, & Communicating | |
| What are emotions? | Physiological Factors |
| What are emotions? | Nonverbal Reactions |
| What are emotions? | Cognitive Interpretations |
| What are emotions? | Verbal Expression |
| Influences on Emotional Expression | Personality |
| Influences on Emotional Expression | Culture |
| Influences on Emotional Expression | Gender |
| Influences on Emotional Expression | Social Conventions |
| Influences on Emotional Expression | Social Media |
| Influences on Emotional Expression | Emotional Contagtagion |
| Guidelines for Expressing Emotions | Recognize Your Feelings |
| Guidelines for Expressing Emotions | Recognize the Difference between Feeling, Talkin, & Acting |
| Guidelines for Expressing Emotions | Expand your Emotional Vocabulary |
| Guidelines for Expressing Emotions | Share Multiple Feelings |
| Guidelines for Expressing Emotions | Consider When & Where to Express your Feelings |
| Guidelines for Expressing Emotions | Accept Responsibility for Your Feelings |
| Guidelines for Expressing Emotions | Be Mindful of the Communication Channel |
| Managing Emotions | Facilitative & Debilitative Emotions |
| Managing Emotions | Sources of Debilitative Emotions Emotional memory Self-Talk |
| Managing Emotions | Irrational Thinking & Debilitative Emotions The Fallacy of Perfection The Fallacy of Approval The Fallacy of Shoulds The Fallacy of Overgeneralization The Fallacy of Causation The Fallacy of Helpnessness The Fallacy of Catastrophic Expectations |
| Managing Emotions | Minimizing Debilitive Emotions Monitor Your Emotional Reactions Note the Actavating Event Record your Self-Talk Reappraise Your Irrational Beliefs |
| Managing Emotions | Maximizing Facilitative Emotions |
| Exam 1 | |
| 1. Do not use | True |
| 2. We disclose more to people in interpersonal relationships than in impersonal ones. | True |
| 3. As the textbook points out, your goal should be to become a perfect communicator. | False |
| 4. The text argues that an ailment may have a strong impact on how you relate to others. | True |
| 5. Silence is valued over talk in most Asian cultures. | True |
| 6. Of the communication models described in the textbook, the linear model most accurately describes the interpersonal communication process. | False |
| 7. The self-concept is a relatively stable set of perceptions you hold of yourself. | True |
| 8. The major difference between impersonal communication and interpersonal communication is the number of people involved. | False |
| 9. According to the textbook, couples who report being happily married after fifty or more years seem to collude in a relational narrative that doesn't jibe with the facts. | True |
| 10. Since stimuli that are intense often attract our attention, we're more likely to remember extremely talkative people than those who are quiet. | True |
| 11. Process of judging ourselves by the evaluations of others. | significant other cognitive conversation presenting self perceived self reflectred appraisal |
| 12. Describes the messages thhat are stark from a lack of nonverbal information. | asynchronous cyberbullying cyberstalking disinhibition hyperpersonal communication netiquette richness synchronicity warranting value virtual community leanness |
| 13. Which of these statements is not accurate, according to the text? | Identical foods may taste differently to different people. Lack of sleep can affect couple's perceptions of each other, resulting in discord. You might perceive someone's behavior differently when you are ill than you would when you are healthy. Teenagers who don't get enough food to eat are more likely to get in trouble at school and have difficulty getting along with others. Perception is not influenced by neurological or biological differences. |
| 14. Synchronicity is the condition when communicators are all | connected in real time |
| 15. Shima knows her friend Francine is going through a difficult time so she doesn't mind that Francine is particularly quiet at dinner. This is an example of what stage in the perception process? | selection organization redefinition Interpretation |
| 16. You say that you are always late because your partner is never ready on time; your partner says that he is always late because you spend a lot of time getting ready. This description best describes which of the following terms? | punctuation interpertation empathy androgynous behavior attribution error |
| 17. The tendency to seek and attend to information that conforms to an existing self-concept has been labeled | reflected appraisal significance posturing the stability hypothesis the weak spine phenomenon cognitive conservatism |
| 18. Which is an example of "noise" as the term is defined in the textbook? | someone tapping a pencil while you're trying to talk a headache that interferes with you listening feelings of anger directed toward a partner preoccupation with another topic during a lecture |
| 19. All of the following are physiological factors shaping perception except which one? | the senses age & health fatigue hunger ethnicity |
| 20. Psychologist Abraham Maslow suggests that the most basic human needs | must be satisfied before we concern ourselves with other ones. |
| 21. When Joe hangs his framed medical degrees on his office wall he is managing his identity through | appearance manner setting role image |
| 22. Research shows that when online, communicators express themselves | less honestly and more caution. more honestly and with more caution. less honestly and with more self-monitoring. more honestly and bluntly, with less caution and self-monitoring. |
| 23. Alex decides what Rafael meant by that frown | external noise environment channel psychological noise decoding |
| 24. You want to let a close friend know how much she/he means to you in a way that is sincere and doesn't embarrass either of you. Following the advice on communication competence in the textbook, you would | follow the approach that you saw another friend use successfully, assuming it would work for you. avoid sending any message until you were sure it would be well received. try to follow exactly the approach you used successfully with others in the past. react in the way that first occurred to you. consider a variety of alternatives, choosing the one that you think will be most successful under these circumstances. |
| 25. People who have low self-esteem | expect to be rejected by others |
| 26. Shannon says that she works out in the evenings instead of the afternoons because Roger is always late coming home from work. Roger says he doesn't bother to rush home from work because Shannon is always working out. This process of organizing the series of events in different ways is called | intrepidation conjugation perception interpretation punctuation |
| 27. Empathy is related to perception in that | the more perceptive you are, the less empathetic you need be. the more perceptive you are, the easier it is to forget to be empathetic. empathy and perception are both a result of self-fulfilling prophecies. empathy is facilitated by trying to perceive things from the other person's point of view. |
| 28. Psyching yourself up before a soccer game is an example of | positive prediction a self-imposed prophecy other-imposed prophecy anxiety reduction none of these |
| 29. Almost all messages have | Both a content and relational dimention |
| 30. An accelerated discussion of personal topics and relational development beyond what normally happens in face-to-face interaction is called | personal communication impersonal communication interpersonal communication hyperpersonal communication |
| 31. The face you show to others | reflected appraisal significant other cognitive conservatism perceived self presenting self |
| 32. An interpersonal relationship differs from an impersonal one because | we share our thoughts and feelings with each other the other persons life affects ours we are sad when the relationship changes or ends we find the time spent in the relationship rewarding |
| 34. Social scientists have concluded that most people can only sustain this number of relationships | 150 |
| 35. The Pillow method is designed to | gain insight into anothers viewpoint |
| Chapter 6 - Language: Barrier & Bridge | |
| Language is Symbolic - | |
| Understandings & Misunderstandings - Understanding Words | Semantic Rules |
| Understandings & Misunderstandings - Semantic Rules | Equivocation |
| Understandings & Misunderstandings - Relative Language | Relative Words |
| Understandings & Misunderstandings - Static Evaluation | Abstract Language behavioral language abstraction ladder |
| Understanding Structure - Syntactic Rules | Govern the grammer of language |
| Understanding Context - Pragmatic Rules | |
| The Impact of Language - Naming and Identity | |
| The Impact of Language - Affiliation | |
| The Impact of Language - Power & Politeness | |
| The Impact of Language - Disruptive Language | Fact-Opinion Confusion Fact-Interference Concusion Emotive Language |
| The Language of Responsibility - | |
| Gender & Language - Context | |
| Gender & Language - Reasons for Communicating | |
| Gender & Language - Conversationl Style | |
| Gender & Language - Nongender Variables | |
| Culture & Language - Verbal Communication Styles | |
| Culture & Language - Language & World view | |
| Chapter 7 - Nonverbal Communication: Messages beyond Words. Data suggests that 65-93% of the emotional impact of a message comes from nonverbal cues. | |
| Charasteristics of Nonverbal Communication - Nonverbal Communication Defined | |
| Charasteristics of Nonverbal Communication - Nonverbal Skills are Vital | |
| Charasteristics of Nonverbal Communication - All Behavior Has Communicative Value | |
| Charasteristics of Nonverbal Communication - Nonverbal Communication is Primarily Relational | |
| Charasteristics of Nonverbal Communication - Nonverbal Communication Occurs in Mediated Messages | |
| Charasteristics of Nonverbal Communication - Nonverbal Communication Serves Many Functions | |
| Charasteristics of Nonverbal Communication - Nonverbal Communication Offers Deception Clues | |
| Charasteristics of Nonverbal Communication - Nonverbal Communication is Ambiguous | |
| Influences on Nonverbal Communication - | |
| Influences on Nonverbal Communication - | |
| Types of Nonverbal Communication - Body Movement | |
| Types of Nonverbal Communication - Voice | |
| Types of Nonverbal Communication - Touch | |
| Types of Nonverbal Communication - Appearance | |
| Types of Nonverbal Communication - Physical Space | |
| Types of Nonverbal Communication - Physical Enviornment | |
| Types of Nonverbal Communication - Time | |
| Chapter 8 - Listening: More Than Meets the Ear | |
| Listening Defined - Hearing vs. Listening | |
| Listening Defined - Mindless Listening | |
| Listening Defined - Mindfull Listening | |
| Elements in the Listening Process - Hearing | |
| Elements in the Listening Process - Attending | |
| Elements in the Listening Process - Understanding | |
| Elements in the Listening Process - Responding | |
| Elements in the Listening Process - Remembering | |
| The Challenge of Listening - Types of Ineffective Listening | Pseudolistening Stage-Hogging Selective Listening Insulated Listening Defensive Listening Defensive Listening Ambushing Insensitive Listening |
| The Challenge of Listening - Why we don't listen better | Message Overload Preoccupation Rapid Thought Effort External Noise Faulty Assumptions Lack of Apparent Advantages Lack of Training |
| The Challenge of Listening - Meeting the Challenge of Listening | Talk Less Get Rid of Distractions Look for Key Ideas |
| Types of Listening Responses - Prompting | |
| Types of Listening Responses - Questioning | |
| Types of Listening Responses - Paraphrasing | |
| Types of Listening Responses - Supporting | |
| Types of Listening Responses - Analyzing | |
| Types of Listening Responses - Advising | |
| Types of Listening Responses - Judging | |
| Types of Listening Responses - Choosing the Best Response | Gender The Situation The Other Person Your Personal Style |
| Key Terms Advising ambushing analyzing attending Counterfeit Questions Defensive Listening Hearing Insulated Listening Judging Listening Listening Fidelity Mindful Listening Mindless Listening Paraphrasing Prompting Pseudolistening Questioning Remembering Responding Selective Listening Sincere Questions Stage-Hogging Supporting Understanding | |
| Chapter 9 - Communication & Relational Dynamics | |
| Why We Form Relationships - Appearance | |
| Why We Form Relationships - Similarity | |
| Why We Form Relationships - Complementarity | |
| Why We Form Relationships - Reciprocal Attraction | |
| Why We Form Relationships - Competence | |
| Why We Form Relationships - Disclosure | |
| Why We Form Relationships - Proximity | |
| Why We Form Relationships - Rewards | |
| Models of Relational Dynamics - A Developmental Perspective | Initiating |
| Models of Relational Dynamics - A Developmental Perspective | Experimenting |
| Models of Relational Dynamics - A Developmental Perspective | Intensifying |
| Models of Relational Dynamics - A Developmental Perspective | Integrating |
| Models of Relational Dynamics - A Developmental Perspective | Bonding |
| Models of Relational Dynamics - A Developmental Perspective | Differentiating |
| Models of Relational Dynamics - A Developmental Perspective | Circumscribing |
| Models of Relational Dynamics - A Developmental Perspective | Stagnating |
| Models of Relational Dynamics - A Developmental Perspective | Avoiding |
| Models of Relational Dynamics - A Developmental Perspective | Terminating |
| Models of Relational Dynamics - A Developmental Perspective | Limits of the Developmental Perspective |
| Models of Relational Dynamics - A Dialectical Perspective | Connection vs. Autonomy |
| Models of Relational Dynamics - A Dialectical Perspective | Openness vs. Privacy |
| Models of Relational Dynamics - A Dialectical Perspective | Predictability vs. Novelty Stability |
| Models of Relational Dynamics - A Dialectical Perspective | Managing Dialectical Tensions Denial Disorentation Alertnation Segmentation Balance Integration Recalibration Reaffirmation |
| Characteristics of Relationships - Relationships Are Constatnly Changing | |
| Characteristics of Relationships - Relationships are Affected by Culture | |
| Communication about Relationships - Content & Relational Messages | |
| Communication about Relationships - Types of Relational Messages | Affinity Immediacy Respect Control |
| Communication about Relationships - Metacommunication | |
| Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships - Social Support | |
| Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships - Repairing Damaged Relationships | Types of Relational Transgressions Lack of Commitment Distance Disrespect Problematic Emotions Aggression Minor vs. Significant Social vs. Relational Deliberate vs. Unintentional One-Time vs. Incremental |
| Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships - Repairing Damaged Relationships | Strategies for Relational Repair |
| Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships - Repairing Damaged Relationships | Responding to Transgressions Acceptance Rejection Discussion |
| Key Terms - | Affinity Avoiding bonding Circumscribing Connection-Autonomy Dialectic control Dialectial Tensions Differentiating Experimenting immediacy initiating integrating intensifying metacommunication Openness-privacy dialectic relational Maintenance respect social Support stagnating terminating |
| Exam 2 | |
| Researchers have found that "I/we" combinations have a good chance of being received favorably. - | t |
| Research reveals that the use of manipulators is always a sign of discomfort. - | f |
| Whereas hearing is a physiological process, attending is a psychological one. - | t |
| When sharing your feelings, it's not necessary to accept responsibility for them because so often others cause them. - | f |
| According to research cited in your text, touch and health are not related. - | f |
| Advice given in a respectful, caring way is always the best listening response to use when approached with another's problem. - | f |
| According to the text, the most helpful way of responding to a problem is to offer good, specific advice. - | t |
| The U.S. is a high-context language culture. - | f |
| According to cognitive psychologists, it is not events that cause people to feel bad, but rather the beliefs they hold about the events. - | t |
| Your text defines nonverbal communication exclusively as any type of communication that isn't expressed by words. - | t |
| "Have you ever thought about just giving her what she wants?" is an example of ________. - | Paraphrasing advising supporting analyzing Judging |
| "I think that the reason you're so confused is that you're trying to make everyone else happy and forgetting your own happiness." This statement is what type of listening response? - | Paraphrasing Judging supporting advising analyzing |
| When you believe that a worthwhile communicator should be able to handle every situation with complete confidence and skill, you are falling for the fallacy of - | Causation Approval Shoulds Overgeneralization Perfection |
| Research described in this chaper found that when subjects were coached to behave in ways associated with a certain emotion, the subjects responded - | with pity for the researchers by showing the opposite feeling with no emotion at all by showing more intense feelings than the rearchers as if they themselves were having these feelings |
| Identify the following statement as fact or inference: "You told Jimmy that i didn't want to go out with him" - | inference fact |
| Constructive criticism is a kinf of listening response that falls into the category termed - | advising judging analyzing questioning Supporting |
| Adaptors are ___________. - | Signs of Deception excitement cues attempts to attract others signs of culnerability unconscious bodily movements |
| All of the following statements about gender and language are true except which one? - | Men's speech is more direct and task-oriented Women's speech is more indirect & Elaborate Female speech often contains statements of sympathy & empathy women are more likely to use more intensive adverbs than men. Women interrupt men more in mixed-sex conversations. |
| "So you're upset because Chase didn't pay you back?" is an example of ________. - | judging supporting advising analyzing Paraphrasing |
| Which of the following is an accurate statement about the way some women's voices rise in pitch at the end of a sentence? - | Women who speak this way are perceived as timid and lacking in self-confidence. Women who speak this way are perceived as cooperative Women who speak this way to convey a cooperative tone might be perceived as hesitant. All of the Above |
| Giving only the appearance of being attentive is termed - | selective listening defensive listening intensive listening fake listening pseudolistening |
| You meet a friend at the supermarket and ask how he is doing. He replies, "I'm OK for the most part, just stressed with all these finals." Which of the following is the best helping paraphrase response? - | "Yeah, I know what you mean." "So, you're stressed, huh?" "You'll be fine; you always get good grades." "Bet you're wishing you hadn't taken 18 credits, huh?" "So, you're managing most things just fine, but will be relieved when finals are over?" |
| In mainstream U.S. society, we don't express our emotions very well or very frequently because - | others put us down we recognize so many emotions self-disclosure is already high enough of inadequate self-concepts of social rules and roles |
| When we keep someon "at arms length" it means we keep them at __________. - | public distance social distance intimate distance personal distance |
| All of the following are parts of the procedure for dealing with debilitative feelings except which one? - | Record your self-talk Montiro your emotional reactions identify the activating event Analyze your motives Dispute your irrational beliefs |
| People who subscribe to the fallacy of perfecion believe - | Everyone is perfect except them there's no point in striving for perfection since it is unattainable a worthwile communicator should be able to handle any situation with complete confidence and skill. Perfection requires much practice |
| Harper listens carefully to her instructor as he discusses the upcoming exam since she hopes to get an A. This illustrates what step in the listening process? - | hearing understanding responding remembering attending |
| Which of the follwoing is an accurate statement from the "Searing in the workplace" reading? - | Hearers who are suprised by a speaker's swearing are likely to deem tthe person incompetent swearing can express emotional intensity Sweraing can be a term of endearment Not swearing can violate the norms of some orginazations All of the above |
| Statements that basically cancel the thought that precedes them are - | "You" "I/We" "We" "It" "But" |
| Chapter 10 - Interpersonal Communication in Close Relationships | |
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| Chapter 11 - Improving Communication Climates | |
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| Chapter 12 - Managing Interpersonal Conflicts | |
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| Exam #3 | |
| Some couples never experience in their relationships | False |
| A person can be "too competent." We are generally attracted to those who are talented yet have visible flaws like us. | True |
| When you decide to acknowledge an accurate criticism, an apology is also necessary. | False |
| Tangential responses are one type of disconfirming message. | True |
| In high-context, collectivist countries, avoidance and accommodation are considered positive, appropriate ways to handle conflict. | True |
| Lack of time for yourself and others is a common source of conflict in relationships. | True |
| A conflict can exist even if the parties in conflict are not dependent on each other. | False |
| The win-win approach to conflict resolution requires parties to reach a solution through compromise. | False |
| College students who kept diaries of their relationships reported that they took part in about 10 arguments per week. | False (7) |
| The intensifying stage is the time when individuals give up some characteristics of their old selves and develop shared identities. | False |
| "I don't really need your input. I've already made my decision." This statement is an example of what Gibb defense-arousing behavior? | evaluation control neutrality superiority certainty |
| In order to decide which conflict style you should use, you should consider | the situation. the other person. your goals. the relationship. All of these answers are correct. |
| Instead of expressing her feelings honestly, this person explains what her partner "really" means or what's "really wrong." | crisis tickler, guilt maker, pseudoaccommodator, avoider, mind reader |
| Lilly calls Cameron to invite her to a party, leaving the message on Cameron's voicemail. After two days, Cameron still hasn't returned Lilly's call. Lilly might interpret this as what type of response? | interrupting. irrelevant. tangential. impersonal. impervious. |
| You and your partner's pattern of managing disagreements that repeats itself over time is called your | cognitive dissonance pattern. assertive message format. Vesuvius. relational conflict style. |
| Cassie felt ignored because Jaime kept playing on his phone during their lunch together. This example best illustrates which type of disconfirming message? | ambiguous, incongruous, irrelevant, impersonal, impervious |
| The stage where a couple might come up with "our song" is | initiating. experimenting. intensifying. bonding. integrating. |
| Conflict rituals | Are always damaging. Should be replaced with compromise. Most often involve avoidance by both of the participants in the conflict. Are defined as ways partners use guilt and intimidation to fight dirty. Become problems when they are seen as the only way to resolve problems. |
| A research study found that college students use the following relational maintenance strategies most in email. | Social networks & sharing tasks Positivity & assurances Openness & assurances Sharing tasks & openness Openness & social networks |
| The stage where relational partners begin to share identities and their social circles merge is __________. | Avoiding Circumscribing Experimenting Differentiating Integrating |
| All of the following are true about appearance research except which one? | Appearance is especially important in the early stages of a relationship. Online daters often enhance their photographs and information about their height and weight to appear more attractive. Online profile owners are rated more positively when they have pictures with physically attractive friends. Physical appearance becomes less important as the relationship progresses. Attractive faces in online profiles are seen as more attractive when accompanied by unattractive or average faces. |
| Avoiding is sometimes an appropriate style to choose when | The issue is temporary or minor. Speaking up might cause physical harm. The relationship isn't worth the effort. All of these answers are correct. |
| All of the following are true about similarity research except which one? | For the most part, we like people who are similar to us. Communication ability is more important to relational happiness than being similar. Being similar to others can boost your ego. We tend to have stronger dislike for people who are similar to us but offensive. Attraction is greatest when we're similar to others in areas like goals and beliefs. |
| Which of the following does not typically occur in the intensifying stage of interpersonal relationships? | The parties spend an increasing amount of time together. The parties hint and flirt. Feelings are expressed nonverbally. The parties might take trips together. The parties begin to take on an identity as a social unit. |
| The distinguishing characteristic in win-lose problem solving is: | Passivity. Aggression. Discussion. Assertiveness. Power. |
| Talking the most, interrupting the other person, and changing the topic most often are all common indicators of | Decision control. Powerful control. Ccontext control. Distributional control. Conversation control. |
| Which of these behaviors is characterized by the use of "we" language? | Evaluation Description Strategy Provisionalism Problem-orientation |
| Conflicting desires for both intimacy and mental space or periods of disengagement in an interpersonal relationship lead to the: | Cohesion-revolt dialectic. Predictability-novelty dialectic. Openness-privacy dialectic. None of these choices are correct. Connection-autonomy dialectic. |
| Social psychologist Roy Baumeister makes the case that, on average, most people want ___________ close, important relationships in their lives at any given time. | One to two Two to three Three to four More than six Four to six |
| People who act in accordance with Gibb's category of equality communicate that: | Everyone is equal in every way. All human beings are created with the capacity to be equal in all areas. While they may have greater talent in some areas, all have just as much worth as human beings. |